Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is a rare variant of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) located mostly in intra-abdominal region. Herein we present a case of a 32-year-old male presented with a lobulated growth in the right maxilla. Radiology revealed a solitary osteolytic lesion with an irregular margin, causing buccal and palatal cortex erosion. Histopathology revealed tumor composed of fascicles of spindle-shaped cells blending into sheets of round to ovoid-shaped epithelioid cells, areas of myxoid changes and necrosis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate mandibular advancement for cases of mandibular deficiency with changes in vocal cord grade and intubation difficulty at subsequent surgery requiring intubation.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and cribriform adenocarcinoma of the tongue and minor salivary glands (CATMSG) are head and neck tumors that share many histologic features and can be difficult to differentiate based on morphology alone. We report a case of a tongue base mass initially diagnosed as CATMSG, which after further ancillary studies was found to be metastatic PTC. Due to the significant differences in patient management, we review the literature and recommend routine immunohistochemical testing with thyroid transcription factor-1 and thyroglobulin.

A 26-year-old white female was referred to the Oral Medicine Clinic of the University for evaluation of symptomatic oral submucosal nodules. Past medical history taken from the patient's mother revealed an uneventful pregnancy and delivery, and normal crying at birth. However, hoarseness was noted when the patient started saying her first words. At the age of 13 the patient started to experience severe headaches that were centered in the orbital region and were diagnosed as migraines. The headaches did not improve with the proposed treatment at the time (Topiramate 50 mg), so the medication was discontinued at age 16.

Objective: To correlate the immunoexpression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, vimentin and E-cadherin (E-CAD), and putative markers, podoplanin (PDPN) and osteopontin (OTPN), with the expression of interleukin (IL-6), P53, and Ki-67, and with clinical and histological parameters of oral epithelial dysplasia (ED). Study design: Immunohistochemical reactions were performed in 61 cases of leukoplakia with ED, graded as low-risk (LRED=38) and high-risk (HRED=23) for malignant transformation.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare form of oral leukoplakia with a relatively high transformation rate to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Molecular analysis of this disorder at the genome level is limited and only identifies molecular similarities between PVL and OSCC. However, the clinical profile suggests that molecular differences may be more important.

Osteopontin (OPN) is aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumours. However, its role and detailed mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have not been extensively described.

Infective endocarditis (IE), typically encountered as a heart valve infection, is uncommon in the general population but associated with high morbidity and mortality.1-3 It was first suggested over 100 years ago that bacteremia from the oral cavity could cause IE.4 This concept was later reinforced by reports that viridans group streptococci (VGS) related to oral hygiene and dental extractions caused IE.5,6 In 1955, the first American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines on prevention of IE recommended that patients at increased risk for IE should receive antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) before a variety of invasive procedures.

Lichen planus (LP) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that may affect multiple cutaneous and mucosal surfaces, including the skin, oral mucosa, nails, genitalia, and scalp.1-4 Other possible sites of involvement are the eye, esophagus, bladder, nose, larynx, ear, stomach, and anus.2, 5, 6 Oral LP (OLP) is a T-cell–mediated disease that requires long-term treatment and surveillance.1 The prevalence of OLP is about 1.01%.7 Six clinical forms have been defined; however, these can be simplified to reticular (which includes papular and plaque forms), erosive-bullous, and atrophic forms, which may coexist (Figure 1).

The use of tobacco, including second-hand smoke, is responsible for eight million preventable deaths each year worldwide.1 Different patterns of tobacco use are observed, in which dual (smokers using two types of tobacco product) or poly tobacco (using three or more types of tobacco products) use is increasing in populations.2, 3, 4

The objective was to calculate the efficacy of ultrasonographically-based measurements of minimum and maximum fascia-tumor distance (MiFTD and MaFTD) of benign salivary gland tumors in identifying tumor location in the superficial or deep lobe of the parotid gland.

Dry mouth is a common condition that can significantly impair oral health, daily oral functioning, quality of life, as well as increase the economic burden associated with health care services 1, 2. Previous clinical studies reported that the proportion of individuals with dry mouth in the population ranged from 5.5% to 46% 3. As the population ages, the prevalence of dry mouth is likely to increase, yet the condition appears to remain underrecognized and undertreated 1, 4.

The present study aims to quantify clinicians’ perceptions of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) when evaluating, classifying, and manually annotating clinical images, as well as to understand the source of interobserver variability when assessing these lesions. The hypothesis was that different interpretations can affect the quality of the annotations that are used to train a Supervised Learning (SL) model.

In the mid-1980s, Professor David Mason and American colleague, Professor H. Dean Millard, conceived the idea of convening international experts in Oral Medicine to explore current status and future direction of the specialty, which resulted in the establishment of the World Workshop of Oral Medicine (WWOM). The workshop celebrates their contributions to Oral Medicine and owes a debt of sincere gratitude to both of them.

To determine dentists' awareness/adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) guidelines for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with high-risk heart conditions.

In health care, most of our teaching takes place at the bedside during outpatient clinic hours, in the operating and in the wards, regardless of the specialty. This bedside teaching is a daily practice and is augmented by formal lectures and conferences in the classroom type of setting. Both are essential and should complement each other. Teaching and patient care should be balanced and time restrains seem to be identified as the main obstacle in clinical teaching, in addition of course to attitudes and perceptions by both the learner and the teacher.

Dry mouth is a debilitating condition which can have a significant impact on quality of life. It is a ubiquitous problem worldwide, yet despite this, management options remain limited, and there is no strong evidence that treatments are effective.1 Prevalence ranges from 5.5%- 46%2 with a slight female preponderance3,4 However, the precise global prevalence is difficult to determine due to differing study methodology and diagnostic or inclusion criteria used.5-7

There is a lack of consensus regarding clinician- and patient-reported outcomes for oral lichen planus (OLP). The World Workshop on Oral Medicine Outcomes Initiative for the Direction of Research (WONDER Project) aims to develop a core outcome set (COS) for OLP, which would inform the design of clinical trials, and importantly, facilitate meta-analysis, leading to the establishment of more robust evidence for the management of this condition and hence improved patient care.

We conducted a qualitative study on patients’ perspectives of dry mouth outcomes to explore their personal experiences and investigate what outcomes are most important to them. This work was part of the WONDER initiative (World Workshop on Oral Medicine Outcomes Initiative for the Direction of Research) exploring Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET).

The spectrum of conditions managed by Oral Medicine specialists is wide and includes, amongst others, ulcerative and vesiculobullous diseases of the oral cavity, orofacial neuropathies, salivary gland disorders, oral complications from cancer therapy, and oral potentially malignant disorders, which may cause severe morbidity and mortality1. Due to the chronicity of many of these conditions, the primary management strategy of most treatments are typically symptomatic in nature and not curative. The risk-benefit balance for all treatments should be considered before commencement, and ideally be accompanied by high-quality evidence base to support the decisions made by clinicians.

A core outcome set (COS) is the minimum agreed data set required to be measured in interventional trials. To date, there is no COS for oral lichen planus (OLP). This study aims to show the final consensus project which brings together the results of the previous stages and how the COS for OLP was developed.

For alveolar bone grafting (ABG), we have been performing surgery using a technique in which a cortical bone lining iliac endplate is applied to the anterior nasal aperture inferior margin. Herein, we examined the postoperative bone-bridge morphology following ABG using conventional and cortical bone lining techniques.

To explore the lived experience of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and investigate what treatment-related outcomes are the most important to them and should be included in a core outcome set (COS) for OLP.

Dry mouth is one of the most common oral conditions reported worldwide. Dry mouth sensation or ‘xerostomia’ corresponds to the subjective feeling of dry mouth, which may or may not be accompanied by an actual reduction in salivary flow rate. Salivary gland hypofunction and hyposalivation, are the recommended terms to refer to an objective decrease in the salivary output.1 Salivary gland hypofunction designates a saliva flow rate below normal secretion, whilst hyposalivation refers to a diagnosis when saliva secretion becomes pathological low2 as measured objectively below a cutoff value, i.e.

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws remains one of the most debilitating complications of radiotherapy (RT) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Liquid pentoxifylline and vitamin E (PVe) presents an alternative formulation to tablets for patients presenting with dysphagia or enteric feeding

This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the effects of bisphosphonate use duration and route of administration on mandibular cortical and trabecular bone in postmenopausal women.

The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of using a bovine bone substitute material in the treatment of cystic lesions in the jaw with a maximum diameter of < 4 cm.

The purpose of this case series is to highlight the digital workflow used by our institution to treat orbital fractures by creating individualized implants using point-of-care 3D printed models.

This case series reviews two patients worked up and treated for unilateral synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint. The first was a 58-year-old female who was evaluated and treated for synovial chondromatosis of the left temporomandibular joint using an arthrotomy of the joint to remove the cartilaginous and osteocartilaginous nodules. The second is a 63-year-old male who was evaluated and treated for synovial chondromatosis of the right temporomandibular joint with removal of extracapsular masses and an arthrotomy with intra-joint removal of nodules.

This scoping review aimed to map the literature on oral hygiene protocols and fluoride use in patients undergoing radiotherapy.

This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of two types of drains for severe odontogenic infection management

A 15-year-old male with no medical or surgical history was referred to the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from a community general dentist's office to evaluate an expansion and swelling of the left mandible. The patient reported “a ball in [his] jaw,” which had slowly developed over months, endorsing a subjective sensation of pressure in the mandibular left quadrant. He denied any history of pain or altered sensation. On examination, the buccal cortical bone expanded in the area of teeth #19 through #22.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a prevalent but complex group of conditions that cause orofacial pain. Temporomandibular disorders are recognized as one of the most common chronic pain conditions, alongside back pain and headache disorders.Given the competing theories surrounding what causes TMDs and limited high-equality evidence on optimally treating TMDs, clinicians often encounter challenges in developing an effective management plan for patients.Furthermore, patients will often seek advice from multiple health care providers from varying specialties, seeking curative management, often resulting in inappropriate treatments and no improvement in pain symptoms.

The objective was to analyze radiomorphometric indices (RMIs) of mandibular cortical bone and fractal dimension (FD) of trabecular bone of individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and compare the findings to those of individuals without OI.

An otherwise healthy 8-year-old boy was consulted in July 2020, presenting with a 20-day history of a painless tongue growth associated with trauma. According to his parents, the lesion initially appeared as a “blood-filled blister” and had evolved into an ulcerated swelling. Intraoral examination revealed a reddish, sessile nodule with an ulcerated surface in the tongue dorsum's midline (Figures 1A and 1B). Although the lesion was asymptomatic, the patient reported slight discomfort when swallowing.

The objective was to compare the radiation protection effectiveness of a lead-free homopolymer (Anti-RAD®) to conventional lead shielding in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exposures.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of SNAIL1, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin immunoexpression in oral tongue carcinogenesis. In addition, we evaluated in vitro the impact of silencing of the nuclear transcription factor SNAIL1 on the viability, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and invasion of SCC-9 and HSC-3 cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in tooth germs (TGs), ameloblastic fibromas (AFs), ameloblastic fibro-odontomas (AFOs), and conventional ameloblastomas (AMs).

This study assessed the diagnostic efficacy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), texture features, and their combination for the differential diagnosis of odontogenic cysts and tumors with cyst-like features.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of dental implants (DIs) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with radiotherapy (RT), isolated chemotherapy, or bone modifying agents (BMAs).

: The main objective of this study was to determine patient attitudes toward resident participation in their facial cosmetic treatment.

This systematic review aimed to determine whether the pentoxifylline and tocopherol (PENTO) protocol effectively reduce the risk of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in patients undergoing tooth extraction after head and neck radiotherapy.

The aim of this study was to report a case series of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients undergoing panitumumab-containing regimens affected by oral lesions and to review the current literature

: The purpose of the present study was to assess the duration of operative time and outcomes related to patients with an increased American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status classification in the setting of hospital-based maxillofacial surgical procedures.

A PubMed search using “artificial intelligence” as the search term identified almost 73,000 distinct manuscripts between 2000 and 2017.1 From 2018 to present day, a similar search yielded over 107,000 hits, and >30% of these manuscripts have been published just since January 2022.1 Over the last 2 years, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology has published several manuscripts on the potential use of AI, particularly machine learning, in radiologic interpretation and in diagnostic oral pathology.

This study compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and fractal dimension (FD) values in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of study patients with disk perforation vs control patients.