Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with the performance of human observers for the detection of simulated periapical lesions on periapical radiographs.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate changes in mandibular trabecular bone structure in bruxism using fractal analysis (FA) on digital panoramic radiographs obtained with automatic dosing.Study Design: In this prospective study, FA was performed on radiographs of 126 bruxists and 126 non-bruxists. Eight paired mandibular regions of interest were selected: the bilateral condylar and gonial regions, and the bilateral dentate regions between the apical areas of the first molar and second premolar and between the first premolar and canine.

Innovation in modern medicine never ceases to amaze me. During my days as an oral medicine fellow at the National Institutes of Dental Research in the late 1980s, where salivary gland dysfunction was studied from various approaches, I was introduced to the concept of salivary gland transplantation. More accurately, this was the transfer of a major gland out of the field of head and neck radiation therapy in an attempt to preserve gland function. This gland transfer would hopefully facilitate oral health maintenance and future ability to partake in gastronomic pleasures for the cancer survivor.

To evaluate the dimensional changes of alveolar bone and soft tissue after dental extraction/post-extraction in alveoli filled/grafted with collagen (Collacone®) compared to those left empty/ungrafted.

: To curb opioid over-prescription and diversion, 49 states implemented mandatory Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). This study aims to examine the changes in analgesic prescription patterns associated with mandatory PDMP usage by oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

During oral pathology daily practice, true amyloid may be identified in oral amyloidosis and several odontogenic tumors. However, histological examination often reveals other oral and perioral diseases with similar eosinophilic, acellular, amorphous substances. These include extensive areas of collagenous sclerosis, fibrin deposition, elastic fiber degeneration and dentinoid material, which may resemble amyloid under light microscopic examination. These materials are often termed amyloid-like due to their close histological resemblance to true amyloid.

To assess the duration of effect of a single dose of Biotène® Moisturizing Spray on xerostomia compared to water spray.

Limited data is currently available regarding outcomes following transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the salvage setting. This study aims to investigate the functional and oncological outcomes following TORS in salvage oropharyngeal tumours.

To compare the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in differentiating pleomorphic adenomas (PA) from Warthin tumors (WT) using radiomics.

Awareness of signs and symptoms of oral cancer is important to every dental provider. However, oral cancer can produce features that hamper its recognition, which can lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. This report describes two cases of gingival squamous cell carcinoma masquerading as periodontal disease. The clinical and radiographic features of these two cases illustrate that a thorough evaluation for potentially underlying malignant process should be performed on patients whose conditions are refractory to standard therapy.

Carotid body tumors (CBT) are benign but challenging. This study compared of outcome three techniques of the surgical treatment of CBTs.

In 2018, about 1.7 million new cases of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) were reported, totaling approximately 37.9 million infected people worldwide. Since 1980, 32 million people have died of diseases related to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), mainly tuberculosis.1 Thus, HIV, which causes AIDS, remains a threat to global health.2

Objective: To determine correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features including radiological depth of invasion (r-DOI) and pathological DOI (p-DOI) of squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa.Study Design: In total, 31 lesions were retrospectively evaluated. MRI findings included detectability (detectable lesion: DL, undetectable lesion: UL), buccinator muscle invasion (positive: BMI+, negative: BMI−), buccal fat pad invasion (positive: BFPI+, negative: BFPI−) and r-DOI measured on T2-weighted images [T2-DOI]) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images [CET1-DOI].

: Identification of the transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in the promoter of HOX genes and elucidation of the comprehensive interaction of transcription factors (TFs)/genes with HOX.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) requires dental treatment. This study investigated the characteristics of DI teeth associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and COL1A2 mutations.

: The objective of the present study was to analyse the functional results of TMJ range i.e. Trismus index, Lateral excursion, Protrusion, Retrusion, Occlusion, Masticatory efficiency, Re-establishment of anatomic relationship of TMJ, Aesthetics to improve the quality of life and catalogue its complications in terms of ramus shortening on affected side, deviation, facial asymmetry, neurological deficit and reankylosis.

Face transplantation (FT) is performed for patients with severe facial disfigurements, due to trauma caused by burns, ballistic injuries or animal attacks, or due to severe congenital or attained malformations. The goal of the FT is to restore missing or injured facial structures, improve the quality of life (QOL), and enhance functional abilities, such as chewing, swallowing, breathing, talking, and esthetics.1 The first FT was performed in 2005.2-4 Currently, the estimated global number of FTs is 44, performed in 17 different centers.

The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare benign neoplasm that makes up less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors. This study aims to describe a case series of CEOT spanning 25 years and to review, and compare our results with, the existing literature.

Several surgical techniques can be performed to achieve setback of the mandible. The bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is most frequently used, but vertical ramus osteotomies performed through extra- or intraoral access can achieve the same sagittal and occlusal relations1,2. The disadvantage of the BSSO is a relative high ratio of neurosensory disturbance (NSD), ranging from 10-20% in most studies3. Also, surgical site infection (SSI) can be encountered, and may require additional surgery for removal of osteosynthesis-material4.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is reported to be primarily associated with patients receiving bisphosphonate (BP) therapies, but has been found in patients taken a number of other medications. A number of recent reports have noted the presence of metastatic cancers in the histological analysis of osteonecrotic lesions from the jaw. The aim of the present review is to estimate the frequency and the type of metastatic cancer most commonly found in ONJ specimens in patients undergoing antiresorptive and/or antiangiogenic drug therapy.

The aim of this study was to identify computed tomography (CT) features that differentiate basal cell adenoma (BCA) from Warthin tumor (WT).

Contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is advantageous in classifying tissues by changing iodine density. However, only few studies have investigated the interobserver variations in image quality and reproducibility by several observers (> 10). Therefore, this study aimed to compare iodine density reconstructed computed tomography (IDCT) and non-reconstructed computed tomography (NRCT) in terms of visual scoring and tumor size estimation.

Children with Crouzon syndrome have a characteristic inversion of the orientation of the palpebral fissures, an increase of the interorbital distance, telecanthus, and exorbitism. Here, Le Fort III osteotomy with facial bipartition combined with an internal distraction device was evaluated as a tool to improve the middle and upper third positions.

The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of 1 plate with 2 positional screws and a 3-dimensional (3-D) ladder plate for fixation of the sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in large mandibular advancement.

At the current time, there is lack of uniformity in the management of major salivary gland tumors because of the existence of many subtypes. The aim of this study, performed at the National Cancer Institute from January 2014 to January 2019, was to characterize the tumor pathologies of the parotid gland.

Imbalance of bone remodeling causes osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to compare marginal bone loss (MBL) in patients with osteoporosis and those without.

The inherent morbidity associated with intubation, especially nasal intubation, is well documented in the literature. Risks include vocal cord trauma, arytenoid dislocation, and trauma throughout the nasopharynx and the larynx. Furthermore, repeated intubation attempts are associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality. The head and neck surgical patient poses a unique challenge to the anesthesiologist, presenting with a difficult airway in addition to often requiring nasal intubation for surgical access.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the scope of the transconjunctival approach for treatment of different fractures of the zygomatic complex and identify the advantages and complications of the said surgical technique.

Orbital fractures are not uncommonly encountered in a level I trauma center. The incidence of adult orbital fractures in the United States is 10% to 25% among all facial fracture cases. Craniomaxillofacial trauma is typically managed by 3 different surgical specialties (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery [OMFS], Otolaryngology [ENT], and Plastic & Reconstruction Surgery [PRS]). The purpose of our study was to understand the patterns and mechanisms of injury associated with orbital fractures and to develop standardized treatment protocols across all surgical specialties.

Case Presentation: A 49-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presented with a rapidly enlarging palatal mass. The lesion had been present for an estimate of 4 months. Although painless, it was large enough to compromise speech and eating. A rapid 17 pound weight loss was reported. Clinically there was no palpable cervical lymphadenopathy and no perioral abnormality. Intraorally there was a 2.5-centimeter (cm) by 4-cm dome-shaped variegated purplish-blue sessile mass involving the anterior hard palate (Figure 1A).

Clinical Presentation: An 84-year-old man presented to his dentist with a firm, red gingival swelling in the 25-27 area. A clinical photograph shows an erythematous, smooth surfaced mass with a central punctum from which thick, purulent material could be expressed (Figure 1). Moderate generalized periodontal disease was reported. Standard dental radiographs were obtained and were unremarkable in the area of the mass. An incisional biopsy was performed, after which a cone beam computed tomography image indicated signs of focal lingual cortical perforation between no.

Clinical Presentation: An 87-year-old woman reported a history of “canker sores” so painful she was unable to eat. Large ulcerations were present on the right buccal mucosa, left ventral tongue (Figure 1A and B), left hard palate, and right soft palate. Recently she developed 3 lesions on her scalp (Figure 2). The patient's medications include levothyroxine (Synthroid), pantoprazole (Protonix), furosemide (Lasix), and sucralfate (Carafate).Differential Diagnosis: Close examination of the patient's medications and clinical history was essential to developing a working diagnosis.

Extraction of the lower third molar is the most frequently performed oral surgery. The possibilities of injury to the dental inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) are high in cases where the roots of the lower third molars are in close proximity to the said nerve. Injury to the IAN and the lingual nerve is one of the greatest complications associated with this type of surgery. Third molar extractions may result in different degrees of sensory alterations, which may be permanent in most cases or become chronic in some others.

Nasal tension tip and restrained upper lip during function are common findings in the preoperative evaluation of the facial cosmetic surgery patient. Many structures contribute to these findings, and most of them are related to the upper labial frenulum (ULF). The ULF is an intraoral structure that has many intricacies in terms of function and cosmetic implications. Commonly described as merely soft tissue that attaches the upper lip to the maxillary gingiva, the ULF includes several structures that are directly related to the outcome of the nasomaxillary cosmetic surgery.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of prophylactic dexamethasone and compare the different routes of administration for the control of pain, edema, and trismus after surgery on the wisdom teeth, taking into consideration the general preference for the oral route over the intramuscular route. Therefore, it is hoped that the results of this work will allow us to determine the most effective dose and route and contribute to the generation of guidelines to improve the postoperative management of our patients.

This retrospective study was performed to evaluate a multiple bone transport system designed to predictably and securely perform major reconstruction of the mandible, including the mandibular symphyseal area, by using a free fibula flap. The aim of this study was to present our clinical experience in using transport DO technique (TDO) for treating mandibular bony defects after tumor ablation in patients with benign tumors, combined with a free fibula flap to correct the area of the symphysis at a single surgical session, avoiding the use of grafting in the docking site for the direct contact of the transport disk and the fibula.

The surgical correction of craniosynostosis by open cranial vault reconstruction (OCVR) is often associated with significant blood loss and perioperative blood transfusion demand. Because of transfusion risks, several attempts have been made to eliminate the need for perioperative homologous blood transfusion with the implementation of goal-directed transfusion protocols. The aim of this study was to determine whether the introduction of a rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM)–assisted patient blood management strategy would decrease the intraoperative blood transfusion and blood loss levels.

: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of topical curcumin gel and buccal mucoadhesive patches in the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).

The objectives of this study were to assess observers’ preference for standard screens (SSs) or medical displays (MDs) in visualizing difficult-to-diagnose radiographic dental abnormalities and their preference for dental filter tools when utilized with MD systems.

This cross-sectional comparative study investigated the effects of qat chewing habit on the radiographic bone density (RBD) and trabecular microstructure of temporomandibular joint condyles using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients with prostate cancer, particularly the relationship between prostate cancer progression and ONJ development.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a cutaneous adverse drug reaction characterized by recurrence of lesions at the same sites each time a specific drug is taken. Oral mucosal involvement is rare. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are one of the most common offending drug groups in FDE; however, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, such as etoricoxib, are rarely implicated. We present a case of oral mucosal and cutaneous FDE induced by etoricoxib that, to the best of our knowledge, is the first reported case of this nature.

The objective of this study was to establish and validate a new scoring system for oral lichen planus (OLP).

Social factors have been implicated in the development of peri-implant pathologies, including implant failure. This study aims to investigate whether alcohol consumption affects late dental implant failures.

The World Health Organization's (WHO) 4th edition of the “Classification of Head and Neck Tumours,” published in 2017, included not only tumours but also other lesions, such as cysts, 1 which had been excluded in the previous edition.2 Furthermore, it introduced ‘fibro-osseous lesion’ (FOL) as a lesion group for the first time into the WHO classification of odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours.1 There are 3 recognized FOLs: fibrous dysplasia (FD), cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF), and cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD).

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of voxel size on artifacts arising from the exomass in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).