Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

When a patient presents with an oral lesion or signs and/or symptoms of disease, a biopsy is frequently required to determine the underlying cause. Tissue biopsies are a critical link in the chain of patient care since a single, definitive diagnosis for a lesion is rarely provided on the basis of its clinical or radiographic features alone. Such diagnostic uncertainly can delay proper treatment or lead to interventions that inadvertently make the condition worse. After the biopsy sample is received by a surgical pathology laboratory, it receives a gross (macroscopic) evaluation followed by processing and routine histologic (microscopic) examination of stained tissue sections.

Statement of Clinical Relevance

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic intraoral pain defined by the International Headache Society (IHS) as "an intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than two hours/day over more than three months, without clinically evident causative lesions" 1. Symptoms are usually located on the tongue, lips and hard palate 2,3, and are often accompanied by dysgeusia and xerostomia 3,4.

in HIV patients has been attributed to the use of antifungal or antiretroviral drugs, as well as HIV- induced cytokine dysregulation. This research aimed to determine the relationship between immunosuppression and cytokine dysregulation, in newly diagnosed HIV-seropositive subjects with OMH.

To determine why some implants can appear to be well osseointegrated with no signs of infection and yet can remain sensitive to percussion and painful and unable to tolerate the weight of a restoration.

A novel subset of epithelioid soft tissue tumors with GLI1 gene fusions or amplifications has recently been characterized. Histologically, these tumors typically exhibit multinodular or plexiform growth of ovoid, round to epithelioid neoplastic cells, with a distinctive nested architecture separated by a rich delicate arborizing vascular network. The immunoprofile is variable and non-specific, indicating no definitive line of differentiation. GLI1-altered epithelioid soft tissue tumor is considered to be a low grade sarcoma, however, with limited number of cases reported the biologic behaviour of this entity is unclear.

The Yamamoto–Kohama criteria are clinically useful for determining the mode of tumor invasion, especially in Japan. However, this evaluation method is based on subjective visual findings and has led to significant differences in determinations between evaluators and facilities. In this retrospective study, we aimed to develop an automatic method of determining the mode of invasion based on the processing of digital medical images.

Adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid is an uncommon benign odontogenic neoplasm, and its unicystic variant seems to be even rarer. A 34-year-old man was referred for evaluation of an asymptomatic swelling in the posterior maxilla. Intraoral examination showed an expansive lesion, soft to palpation, covered by a normal color mucosa. Cone-beam tomography revealed a well-defined unilocular hypodense tumor involving the left maxillary sinus. Histopathological examination of the surgically excised specimen showed a cystic tumor lined by an ameloblastic-like epithelium containing columnar basal cells with hyperchromatic and polarized nuclei.

Recently, fibulin-1 (FBLN1) has been shown to be downregulated in various cancers via promoter hypermethylation. Our study aimed to determine the expression and methylation status of FBLN1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues and cells.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma involving the maxilla (MSCC) is a rare malignancy. The aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of available literature on local recurrence (LR), overall survival (OS) and associated risk factors of MSCC. Study Design: The Cochrane, PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched with related keywords and synonyms. The pooled proportions of both LR and OS were subsequently calculated with 95% confidence intervals.

To evaluate overall image quality and visibility of anatomic structures on low-dose cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and the effect of a noise reduction filter for assessment of the anterior maxilla.

: To determine whether use of a root resorption pictogram, the Three-Dimensional Leeds Orthodontic Root Resorption Target Scale (3D-LORTS) in addition to CBCT reports was associated with a change in orthodontic extraction decisions in cases with impacted maxillary canines and associated root resorption of adjacent teeth, and to assess orthodontists’ experiences using the 3D-LORTS.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign histiocytic disorder characterized by non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that appears as papules or yellow-red skin nodules, which may also have extracutaneous localizations. JXG mainly affects subjects during the first years of life.

Ameloblastomas are aggressive odontogenic entities well-known for their high tendency to recur. Clinical presentation includes lesions discovered on routine examination or radiographs, pathologies causing facial swelling, pain, cortical expansion, tooth mobility, root resorption, and paresthesia. Radiographic findings comprise large unilocular or multilocular radiolucencies with well-defined borders associated to an impacted tooth. Ameloblastomas are classified as unicystic, multicystic/solid, and peripheral.

A 38-year-old female patient was referred to our Department of Oral Pathology with a chief complaint of a painless and nonhealing "hole in her palate" with an evolution time of 30 days. Clinical examination revealed an area of necrosis affecting the left posterior region of the hard palate (Figure 1) and imaging exams demonstrated no sign of oronasal communication. No palpable cervical lymph node was found. The patient reported a 3- year history of cigarette smoking, approximately 40 cigarettes per day, and she presented a nonproductive cough lasting for six months, considered a complication of the smoking habit.

The objective of this study was to assess resident and faculty perception of the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the training experience, education, and psychological well-being of oral medicine (OM) residents.

. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is a hereditable disorder characterized by early and unremitting development of intestinal polyps and extraintestinal manifestations requiring multidisciplinary surveillance. Herein we describe a multicenter cross-sectional analysis of the dento-osseous radiographic findings of patients with FAP from North and South America.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of combined computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting metastases of oral cancers to lymph nodes in the neck.

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare benign mixed odontogenic tumor that affects children and young adults. AFO occurs mainly intraosseous. Extraosseous AFO is extremely rare. We report two cases of rare peripheral ameloblastic fibro-odontoma in 2 and 12-year-old females. Microscopic examination revealed a benign proliferation of odontogenic epithelium associated with a dentinoid material distributed within a cell-rich mesenchymal stroma resembling dental papilla. Simple surgical excision of the lesion is usually curative.

To investigate the association of genic region polymorphisms of FAS and FASL in Indian oral cancer subjects.

The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of surgical and conservative treatment approaches for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

To investigate the clinical manifestations and pathologic appearances of the submandibular gland (SMG) in Stevens-Johnson syndrome(SJS).

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a rare disease caused by nutritional deficiencies or genetic impairment of cysteine metabolism. To date, no oral manifestations of hyperhomocysteinemia has been described in humans. Therefore, the current case presents the first description of a hyperhomocysteinemic patient showing oral tissue alterations leading to both early tooth loss and failed implant osseointegration. The patient presented a methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation (677T polymorphism) leading to a mild hyperhomocysteinemia.

To compare technical errors in bitewing radiographs acquired with round vs rectangular collimation in a hospital-based pediatric dentistry training program.

Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) are a group of conditions characterized by excessive production of lymphocytes manifested in various patterns including lymphadenopathy, tumor-like lesions, and lymphomas. LPD may be stimulated by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection that most commonly appears in the setting of immunocompromised status such as long-term use of immunosuppressive medications and in individuals with primary immunodeficiency disorders. EBV mucocutaneous ulcer is a benign LPD reaction that mostly regresses spontaneously but sometimes requires medical or surgical intervention.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the jaws and is treated by radical surgical resection. Early detection is crucial since removing the lesion with clean margins contributes most to outcome. We present three cases of osteosarcoma occurring in the interradicular region of the mandible, two of which were thought to represent non-malignant processes upon initial presentation. All three demonstrated early but significant clinical and radiographic features indicative of the malignant disease process.

A 43-year-old man was referred to the oral medicine clinic of our university to evaluate an asymptomatic nodule of unknown duration on the upper lip. There was no history of trauma, alcoholism or smoking habits, and his medical history was noncontributory. Extraoral examination revealed no signs of asymmetry or lymphadenopathy or any skin color changes. An intraoral examination revealed a 1.0 cm solitary, submucosal, slightly mobile, nodule on the labial mucosa of the upper lip, consisting of a mass with a soft consistency on palpation, covered by intact and normal-colored mucosa (Fig.

On August 9th, 2021, Jay Inslee Governor for the state of Washington proclaimed that any health care worker who has not been FULLY vaccinated against COVID-19 will be prohibited from working after October 18th 20211. This decision was made following considerable discussion with over 60 medical groups including the American Medical Association, the American College of Physicians, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, together with the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine.

This study evaluated optimum stability of different screw techniques for condylar head fractures (CHF) (P close to an M fracture with the lateral pole preserved according to AO classification 2014) by finite element analysis (FEA) and provided a biomechanical basis for clinical treatment.

To evaluate the reliability and long-term efficacy of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) flap in reconstructing and repairing soft tissue defects after oral cancer surgeries.

The buccal myomucosal local flaps in oral cavity reconstruction can be considered a valid option for small-moderate defects. Nevertheless few articles report about functional recovery. The purpose of the present analysis is to evaluate the impact of these flaps on function and quality of life.

To evaluate the quality of information and readability of online content regarding medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).

To identify the incidence of inferior alveolar nerve injury following extraction of mandibular third molars with confirmed “high-risk” features on Cone-Beam Computed Topography scans and establish any risk factors which significantly increase the chances of sustaining an inferior alveolar nerve injury.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers worldwide traditionally occuring in older males with a known alcohol and tobacco history. Recently there has been a trend in the demographic shift to younger patients, aged 45 years or younger without significant history of known risk factors. Various studies suggest a possible genetic instability in addition to multifactorial risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of OSCC in young patients.1, 2,3,4 As evidenced by some studies, this increase in incidence may be even more significant in young female patients.

To assess characteristics of patients with mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of severity necessitating segmental mandibulectomy and osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction.

Lymphatic malformations are characterized by the overgrowth of lymphatic vessels during development. Activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways occur in isolated lymphatic malformation and in those associated with syndromes such as CLOVES and Klippel-Trenaunay. We aimed to assess the activation of these pathways in sporadic oral lymphatic malformations.

Cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland (CAMSG) is a rare malignancy presenting cytologic features resembling papillary thyroid carcinoma, localized in oral cavity and oropharynx. Despite cervical lymph node (LN) metastases as a frequent manifestation of CMSG, there are a scant number of publications evaluating its cytology. The aim of this report was to present a CAMSG in an unusual location in the light of cytological features, thus enriching the spectrum of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) differential diagnosis.

Introduction

This study aimed to explore the correlation between differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1 (DEC1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in OSCC and how they participate in tumor progression.

to investigate the association between survival rate and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) in the tumor invasive front (TIF) of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (TSCC).

This retrospective study compared changes in periapical trabecular patterns using fractal analysis and the periapical index (PAI) on the periapical radiographs of patients who underwent multivisit nonsurgical endodontic retreatment of persistent periapical disease.

This study aimed to investigate genetic variations in the osteoprotegerin-encoding gene (TNFRSF11B) in patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA).

Salivary glands are among the most sensitive target organs of medications with anticholinergic (AC) properties, interrupting the neural stimulation of saliva secretion and reducing saliva flow. Hyposalivation results in dry mouth, leading to dental caries, intraoral infection, orofacial pain, problems with speaking and swallowing, and diminished oral health--related quality of life. Current understanding of the pharmacokinetics of AC medications and their effect on muscarinic receptors in the salivary glands were reviewed to assist clinicians in predicting salivary damage in patients with AC medication–induced dry mouth.

Dear Editor,

Work-life balance”: A realistic or an unattainable goal? The question asked to the participants of this year's ACOMS Elaine A. Stuebner Scholars Award was the following: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected every aspect of daily life. As a female health care provider, how have you adjusted your approach to work-life balance as the world adapts to the “new normal”?