Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

We present a first case report of an Actinomycosis lesion of the ventral tongue. Actinomycosis of the tongue is an uncommon finding.

This study was intended to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a combination of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and clonazepam for treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS).

: To demonstrate the clinical, radiological, and histological features of orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC), determine the characteristics of multiple OOCs, and present rare but significant manifestations of OOC.

Infective endocarditis (IE) may cause devastating complications with high morbidity and mortality rates.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed life as we know it. The “new normal” has become a catch phrase to describe the many adaptations individuals and institutions have had to make in their lives due to the pandemic. As oral and maxillofacial surgeons, the new normal is a concept we know well. We have had to adjust to a new normal at every stage of our career to be successful: during graduate school, residency/fellowship training, and our everyday practice. Each of these phases in our lives has required adjustment in our lifestyles and priorities, a tremendous amount of dedication and personal sacrifice.

: Salivary gland tumors are heterogeneous group of neoplasms with complex clinicopathological behavior. These tumors often show an extremely diverse morphology and significant histological patterns making the diagnosis a difficult task. Due to the considerable differences in prognosis, treatment, and follow up, accurately distinguishing these histological mimickers is imperative.

To develop Automatic Oral Cancer Detection algorithm for identification and differentiation of premalignant lesions from buccal cavity images for early detection of oral cancer which reduce fatality in developing countries.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck, with more than 3,00,000 new cases reported world wide annually.1 OSCC is known to spread through lymphatics and about 40% patients present with metastasis to cervical lymph nodes. In presence of ipsilateral lymph node metastasis, the 5 year survival rate decreases by 50% in OSCC patients, as compared to those who do not have lymph node metastasis.2-4

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor. This study aimed to investigate the role of a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01123 in OSCC prognosis and progression, and explore the underlying mechanisms.

The presence of lymphatic and blood vessels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) should play a key role in the progression and dissemination. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the lymphatic and blood vessels densities with prognostic outcomes in advanced stage OSCC.

: Edentulous crestal bone ridge assessment, an essential task for planning of implant and bone regenerative procedures, is performed through radiographs. Ultrasonography, providing point-of-care, and cross-sectional images without radiation, could be an adjunct for this purpose. The aim was to investigate the feasibility of ultrasound (US) in assessing bone ridge width (BRW) and crestal bone surface quality (CBSQ) compared to Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Sampling error in incisional biopsy can lead to under/overtreatment. Aim of this study is to determine incidence of sampling error/discordance between incisional biopsy and final diagnosis and consequences on treatment outcomes.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and, affects millions of people all over the world. Respiratory illness in the form of severe pneumonia, in addition to multiorgan failure and death, is the clinical spectrum of COVID-19.Although there are no specific therapeutic agents for COVID-19 infection, the COVID-19 vaccine reduces morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection and is generally well tolerated. We report one potential complication of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine; a known case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) that occurred after the second dose of the Pfizer-COVID vaccine alone without exposure to any other drug.

Predicting malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia(OED) is challenging. The higher rate of malignant transformation (MT) reported in non-smokers suggests an endogenous etiology in oncogenesis. We hypothesize that loss of FANCD2 and associated proteins could influence genomic instability and MT in the absence of environmental carcinogens.

Schwannoma is a slowly growing benign neurogenic tumor that develops from the cells of the nerve sheath. The occurrence of schwannoma in the submandibular space is very rare.

The objective was to answer the question: Do conventional radiographs (periapical/panoramic) afford better diagnostic outcomes than cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a complement for clinical diagnosis of apical lesions with persistent apical periodontitis or disease after root canal treatment?

: The aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic review of available data regarding case reports and case series of oral and maxillofacial benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH).

We present a patient with bone abnormalities and a myriad of lesions secondary to his redeveloping renal failure and neurofibromatosis type 1. A 21-year-old male renal transplant recipient with NF1 presented with painless masses and large, irregular radiolucent lesions in the maxilla and mandible. Following histological examination, the lesion was diagnosed as a central odontogenic fibroma (COdF) in association with a central giant cell lesion, most consistent with brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism.

To characterize the dental adverse events following head and neck radiation therapy (HNRT) and to investigate the impact of regional radiation dose upon tooth loss outcomes.

The present double-blinded randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy of conservative treatment and articular lavage, either alone or combined with each other, to reduce joint pain and improve mandibular opening.

: Plate exposure remains one of the most serious complications of oromandibular reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wrapping reconstruction plates with anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flaps as a way to prevent plate exposure.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) form commonly in the stomach, small intestine, colorectum and esophagus. Metastatic GIST occurs in up to 50% of patients at presentation. The liver and peritoneal cavity are the most common (93%) metastatic sites; however, head and neck metastases are extremely rare. This report describes a unique case of a 77-year-old man who was diagnosed with duodenal GIST that was completely resected 15 years ago. Eleven years after complete resection, he presented with liver metastases and went on to receive multiple lines of systemic therapy and ablative radiotherapy.

Undoubtably, as the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, spread across the world, information shared on social media “spread” with it. This “infodemic”, overabundance of information, commonly occurs during an epidemic and spreads between humans via various information systems1.

This study aimed to determine whether the gray values (GVs) of the second and third cervical vertebrae in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) are affected by general bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women, and to evaluate whether CBCT can be used for predicting the risk of osteoporosis.

: The aim of this study was to compare bone formation between two distraction osteogenesis protocols by analyzing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan data.

A 60-year-old female was referred by an outside oral and maxillofacial surgeon for evaluation of a left posterior mandibular “lesion”. The patient estimated she first experienced pain associated with the left mandibular posterior teeth approximately six months prior to presentation. She also experienced progressive difficulty with mastication on the left side. She was seen by her general dentist and was referred to an oral surgeon for extraction of the left mandibular posterior teeth due to periodontally compromised dentition.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the quantitative evaluation of mandibular osteomyelitis.

Accumulating miRNAs have been identified to be aberrantly expressed in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of miR-142-3p in OLP.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of MCP-1 CCR2 gene polymorphisms in Turkish oral lichen planus (OLP) patients.

Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive, benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasm currently classified to include conventional, unicystic and extraosseous/peripheral subtypes. Giant cells have been reported in various malignancies, but rarely in odontogenic neoplasms. To date, only a single case of unicystic ameloblastoma with stromal giant cells has been reported in the literature. We report two new cases with histological features compatible with unicystic ameloblastoma with stromal giant cells. CD68 immunohistochemical staining of the giant cells supported a histiocytic origin.

Radiation-related caries (RRC) is one of the most aggressive complications of radiotherapy (RT) in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. Lack of RRC awareness may contribute to the occurrence of this oral cavity complication. RRC may be considered a “forgotten oral complication” by HNC patients, oncologists, and dentists. The present study aimed to assess the level of awareness of RRC among physicians, dentists, and patients.

The occurrence of two synchronous primary cancers of different origin in the head and neck region is rare. The incidence of thyroid carcinoma found during surgical resection of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) is about 0.3-1.9% of patients. Because of the rarity of cases, there is no consensus on management. To clarify significance and management of such lesions, we report 13 cases in which incidental thyroid carcinoma was discovered during surgical resection for primary oral SCCa. A total of 1295 cases of head and neck SCCa from a four-year period were reviewed, of which we found 13 cases of concurrent thyroid malignancy providing an incidence rate of approximately 1%.

To evaluate whether estimates of risk of future cardiovascular events and death and established or unknown diabetes are significantly associated with calcified carotid artery atheromas (CCAAs) on panoramic radiographs (PRs). The main focus was on men and women without previous myocardial infarction (MI).

A 73-year-old Caucasian male presented to the clinic for evaluation of multiple painful oral ulcers. The patient noticed these ulcers 1.5 months earlier. He reported a gradual increase in size, specifically of an ulcer on the right lateral tongue which was associated with pain and difficulty in eating. Blister formation preceded the development of these ulcers and he had not experienced similar issues any time before. He denied ulcers or bullous lesions on the skin or other mucosal areas of the body.

Objective: To compare the two surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) techniques, the conventional 2-segment osteotomy between maxillary central incisors, and the 3-segment osteotomy between maxillary lateral incisors and canines bilaterally. Authors hypothesized that the 3-piece would provide better bone expansion.Study Design: A pilot study was conducted; 19 patients were divided into two groups: conventional 2-segment osteotomy (ten patients) and 3-segment osteotomy (nine patients).

Objective. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse reaction to high-dose antiresorptive medication (AR) in patients with cancer. A temporary discontinuation of AR (drug holiday) has been suggested to potentially reduce the risk of MRONJ after oral surgery. However, no consensus exists. The aim of the present feasibility trial was to evaluate the impact of a high-dose AR drug holiday in connection with surgical tooth extraction on the development of MRONJ and patient-reported health state.

: Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OI-LPD) have been reported as one of the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of OI-LPD in the oral cavity.

: To analyze markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using E-cadherin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, and smooth muscle actin (SMA), and their association with tumor metastasis and grade.

Objective: Intraoral, primary, CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (TLPDs) are uncommon and their clinicopathologic presentation and management can vary and may be challenging. Herein, we present a retrospective study of 4 examples of self-regressing primary CD30+ TLPD affecting the gingiva. Study Design: Archived files were retrospectively reviewed for oral CD30+ TLPDs featuring a) proper immunohistochemical documentation, b) EBV negativity, c) adequate follow-up information corroborating regression, d) no history of hematopoietic malignancy or related-mucocutaneous disease.

Recent changes in the laws regulating dental practice in some jurisdictions have increased interest in the use of handheld portable dental x-ray units for intraoral radiography. These devices, which have been commercially available for many years, include a battery-powered x-ray generator that is not fixed to an immobile place in the operatory but is instead held by the operator during exposure. In some configurations, the unit can be attached to a mobile tripod and operated by cable from a location distant from the generator.

Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are a relatively new phenomenon, with initial reports on their regenerative potential published as recently as 1998. Despite their relative infancy, a huge body of evidence exists in support of their capacity to promote osseous and soft tissue regeneration through the physiological processes of platelet activation and subsequent growth factor release. APCs have transformed many areas of healthcare and are now considered an essential component of the surgical milieu.

Toripalimab and pembrolizumab belong to anti-programmed death receptor-1 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of various cancers. Anti-programmed death receptor-1 therapy can cause mucocutaneous adverse events. Here, we report the first case, to our knowledge, of oral mucous membrane pemphigoid and lichenoid reaction triggered by toripalimab and aggravated by switching to pembrolizumab. Mucous membrane pemphigoid was a definite diagnosis, whereas lichenoid reaction was a clinical diagnosis without pathologic evidence.

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of ambient lighting levels and horizontal viewing angle (HVA) on the radiographic detection of fractured endodontic instruments in root canals in extracted human mandibular molars.

To compare the geometric accuracy and measurement reliability of 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructed models of the mandible created from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images obtained with 0.2-mm and 0.4-mm voxel sizes with the reference standard model and compare the accuracy of the CBCT-based models to each other.

The objective of this study was to quantify intraoperative bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and correlate it with clinical characteristics and laboratory coagulation tests.

: To evaluate the association between SLC6A4 (rs1042173 and rs3813034), DRD2 (rs6275 and rs6276), ANKK1 (rs1800497), and COMT (rs174675) genetic polymorphisms and alterations in anxiety levels and vital signs in individuals undergoing third molar extractions.

To determine the incidence of re-drainage in odontogenic orofacial infections and evaluate possible risk factors. The investigators hypothesised that wait-times to first-surgery > 48-hours and clinical risk factors may predispose to higher rates of re-drainage.

: The present study was aimed to comprehensively characterize the epidemiological, clinicopathological characteristics, clinical treatments as well as prognosis about pleomorphic adenoma (PA) identified at the intraoral unusual sites.